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CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC WRITING


1. Clear and concise: simple language with no ambiguity

a.     Techniques:

                                          i.    Simple words

1.    write assume instead of presuppose, or because instead of as a consequence.

2.    Action verbs vs normalization because they engage.

Example: The researchers completed the implementation of this new method. (Wrong) The researcher implemented this new method. (Better)

3.    Avoid hedging verbs: appear, seem, believe, indicate. Use concrete verbs.

4.    Avoid vague qualifiers: perhaps, very, quite, several, basically, always. Be more specific.

                                         ii.    Write short sentences

1.    Limit prepositional phrases. Don’t start like “In the first trial conducted in this experiment…”. Be direct to “The first trial demonstrated the effects…”.

2.    Avoid subject-verb separation with clauses.

                                       iii.    Use active voice when appropriate.

1.    It gives you sense of agency and action.

a.     Example: An analysis of the prefrotal cortex shows the patient’s inadequate emotional and behavioural regulation.

Better: We analysed the patient’s prefrontal cortex and found that he inadequately regulted his empotions and behaviour.

2.    Use it for action you are responsible for.

2.    Coherent: ideas are connected to one another as a whole.

a.     The text needs to be connected with its ideas presented in written form.

b.    Ideas need to floe and resonate with each other.

                                          i.    Connections with explicit connection -because, consequently, however. Or you can do it implicitly.

                                         ii.    Parallelism: follow the order which you mention things.

3.    Critical: evaluation of arguments and evidences.

a.     Factual descriptions: presenting information and not developing argument.

b.    Critical writing: transform the information and made something new out of the original contribution.

c.     Steps:

                                          i.    Evaluate your evidence

                                         ii.    Identify positive and negative aspects

                                       iii.    Assess their relevance

4.    Captivating: something you cannot put down.

a.     Tell a compelling story: write so people can connect to it; use drama and ingenuity.

b.    A good opening line to get people thinking.

c.     Link it to current issues in academia or the popular press.

d.    Conclude in context.

 

 

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